很多数据库都支持在
数据库内部执行的函数。这种方法有几个好处,包括更快的性能和改进的
安全性。这些函数称为存储过程。存储过程是用来封装SQL语句来完成一个完整的业务功能,类似于面向对象里面方法的概念。虽然它们通常是用SQL编写的,但也可以用
数据库支持的任何编程语言编写。随着
java语言日趋流行,几个
数据库厂商---Oracle(Oracle
数据库)和IBM(db2
数据库)都起用了
java语言创建存储过程,还可以在不同
数据库之间移动存储过程。
存储过程可以支持三种类型的参数:IN,OUT和INOUT,这对于存储过程在
数据库内部真正能做什么来说,带来了很大的灵活性。不管存储过程是用什么语言编写的,它都能以一种标准的方式从
java应用程序调用。
首先,您需要创建一个CallableStatement对象。为了标识存储过程和过程需要的参数的类型和数量,还要允许使用三种类型的调用。下面的清单说明了这三种类型(假定我们正在调用一个名为StudentList的存储过程):
n {call StudentList}如果过程不需要参数
n {call StudentList(?,?)}如果过程需要两个参数
n {?=call StudentList(?,?)}如果参数需要两个参数并返回一个
要想使用存储过程,首先应该创建一个存储过程!
代码的实现
[
java]
import
java.sql.Connection;
import
java.sql.SQLException;
import
java.sql.Statement;
import
javax.naming.NamingException;
public class CreateStoredProceduresofSQLServer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Connection con = null;
Statement stmt = null;
String jndiname = "jdbcPool/mydatasource";
try {
con = DBCon.getConnectionFromPooledDataSource(jndiname);
stmt = con.createStatement();
// 1.创建存储过程show_students
String createProcedure1 = "create procedure show_students " + "as " + "select id, name,age " + "from students " + "order by id";
// 删除
数据库中存在的同名过程
stmt.executeUpdate("if exists(select name from sysobjects "
+ "where name='show_students'and type='p') "
+ "drop procedure show_students");
stmt.executeUpdate(createProcedure1);
// 2.创建储存过程onestudent
String createProcedure2 = "create procedure onestudent "
+ "@stu_id int = null, " + "@name varchar(20) output, "
+ "@age int output " + "as " + "if @stu_id = null "
+ "BEGIN "
+ " PRINT 'ERROR: You must specify a stu_id value.' "
+ " RETURN "
+ "END "
+
// Get the sales for the specified cof_name and " +
// assign it to the output parameter. " +
"SELECT @name = name, @age = age " + "FROM coffees "
+ "WHERE id = @stu_id " + "RETURN ";
stmt.executeUpdate("if exists(select name from sysobjects "
+ "where name='onestudent'and type='p') "
+ "drop procedure onestudent");
stmt.executeUpdate(createProcedure2);
// 3.创建函数
String createProcedure3 = "CREATE FUNCTION pubuse.ageofstu "
+
// Input cof_name
"(@stu_name varchar(20)) "
+ "RETURNS int "
+ // return sales
"AS " + "BEGIN " + " DECLARE @age int "
+ " SELECT @age = age " + " FROM student "
+ " WHERE name like @stu_name " + " RETURN @age "
+ "END ";
stmt.executeUpdate("if exists(select name from sysobjects "
+ "where name='ageofstu') "
+ "drop function pubuse.ageofstu");
stmt.executeUpdate(createProcedure3);
stmt.close();
con.close();
} catch (NamingException ex) {
System.err.println("Name Not Bound : " + ex.getMessage());
} catch (SQLException ex) {
System.err.println("SQLException : " + ex.getMessage());
}
System.out.println("程序执行结束!");
}
}
import
java.sql.Connection;
import
java.sql.SQLException;
import
java.sql.Statement;
import
javax.naming.NamingException;
public class CreateStoredProceduresofSQLServer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Connection con = null;
Statement stmt = null;
String jndiname = "jdbcPool/mydatasource";
try {
con = DBCon.getConnectionFromPooledDataSource(jndiname);
stmt = con.createStatement();
// 1.创建存储过程show_students
String createProcedure1 = "create procedure show_students " + "as " + "select id, name,age " + "from students " + "order by id";
// 删除
数据库中存在的同名过程
stmt.executeUpdate("if exists(select name from sysobjects "
+ "where name='show_students'and type='p') "
+ "drop procedure show_students");
stmt.executeUpdate(createProcedure1);
// 2.创建储存过程onestudent
String createProcedure2 = "create procedure onestudent "
+ "@stu_id int = null, " + "@name varchar(20) output, "
+ "@age int output " + "as " + "if @stu_id = null "
+ "BEGIN "
+ " PRINT 'ERROR: You must specify a stu_id value.' "
+ " RETURN "
+ "END "
+
// Get the sales for the specified cof_name and " +
// assign it to the output parameter. " +
"SELECT @name = name, @age = age " + "FROM coffees "
+ "WHERE id = @stu_id " + "RETURN ";
stmt.executeUpdate("if exists(select name from sysobjects "
+ "where name='onestudent'and type='p') "
+ "drop procedure onestudent");
stmt.executeUpdate(createProcedure2);
// 3.创建函数
www.atcpu.com String createProcedure3 = "CREATE FUNCTION pubuse.ageofstu "
+
// Input cof_name
"(@stu_name varchar(20)) "
+ "RETURNS int "
+ // return sales
"AS " + "BEGIN " + " DECLARE @age int "
+ " SELECT @age = age " + " FROM student "
+ " WHERE name like @stu_name " + " RETURN @age "
+ "END ";
stmt.executeUpdate("if exists(select name from sysobjects "
+ "where name='ageofstu') "
+ "drop function pubuse.ageofstu");
stmt.executeUpdate(createProcedure3);
stmt.close();
con.close();
} catch (NamingException ex) {
System.err.println("Name Not Bound : " + ex.getMessage());
} catch (SQLException ex) {
System.err.println("SQLException : " + ex.getMessage());
}
System.out.println("程序执行结束!");
}
}
下面是使用存储过程的代码:
[cpp]
import
java.sql.CallableStatement;
import
java.sql.Connection;
import
java.sql.ResultSet;
import
java.sql.SQLException;
import
java.sql.Types;
import
javax.naming.NamingException;
public class InvokeStoreProcdureofSQLServer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Connection con = null;
String jndiname = "jdbcPool/mydatasource";
// 定义调用存储过程和函数的 SQL 语句
String callSQL1 = "{call show_students}";
String callSQL2 = "{call onestudent(?,?,?)}";
String callSQL3 = "{? = call ageofstu(?)}";
try {
con = DBCon.getConnectionFromPooledDataSource(jndiname);
// 调用第 1 个存储过程
CallableStatement cs = con.prepareCall(callSQL1);
ResultSet rs = cs.executeQuery();
System.out.println("第一个存储过程调用结果");
while (rs.next()) {
String id = rs.getString(1);
String name = rs.getString(2);
String age = rs.getString(3);
System.out.println(id + " " + name + " " + age);
}
// 调用第 2 个存储过程
cs = con.prepareCall(callSQL2);
cs.setString(1, "2");
cs.registerOutParameter(2, Types.CHAR);
cs.registerOutParameter(3, Types.INTEGER);
cs.execute();
String name = cs.getString(2);
int age = cs.getInt(3);
System.out.println("第二个存储过程调用结果");
System.out.println("This student's name is " + name
+ " and age is " + age);
// 调用函数
cs = con.prepareCall(callSQL3);
cs.setString(2, "小罗");
cs.registerOutParameter(1, Types.INTEGER);
cs.execute();
age = cs.getInt(1);
System.out.println("函数调用结果");
System.out.println("This student's name is " + age + ".");
cs.close();
con.close();
} catch (NamingException ex) {
System.err.println("Name Not Bound : " + ex.getMessage());
} catch (SQLException ex) {
System.err.println("SQLException : " + ex.getMessage());
}
System.out.println("调用结束!");
}
}